GCSE History Normans Revision Notes: The Norman Conquest of England

GCSE History Normans Revision Notes: The Norman Conquest of England

Topic Overview

This page provides comprehensive revision notes for GCSE History students studying the Norman Conquest of England. You will learn about the key events, figures, and consequences of this pivotal moment in English history.

1. The Background: Why Did William Conquer England?

* **William of Normandy's Claim:** William claimed the English throne based on his relationship to Edward the Confessor, the previous king. He argued he was promised the throne. * **Harold Godwinson's Claim:** Harold Godwinson, an English nobleman, was crowned King of England after Edward's death. Harold's claim was based on his popularity and military strength. * **The Role of the Vikings:** The Vikings had a significant presence in England, threatening both claimants. William's promise of protection against the Vikings was attractive to some English nobles.

2. The Battle of Hastings (1066): The Turning Point

* **The Key Players:** William of Normandy and Harold Godwinson clashed in a pivotal battle that decided the fate of England. * **The Norman Strategy:** William's Norman forces used superior tactics, including cavalry charges and archers, to outmaneuver Harold's English army. * **Harold's Downfall:** Harold's troops were exhausted from a previous battle and were ultimately defeated. The death of Harold marked a turning point in English history.

3. The Aftermath: Establishing Norman Rule

* **William's Coronation:** William was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey in 1066. * **The Domesday Book:** This survey of England was conducted to assess the country's resources and establish taxation. * **Building Castles:** William built numerous castles across England to strengthen his control and intimidate the local population. * **The Feudal System:** William introduced the feudal system, a hierarchical structure based on land ownership and loyalty, which significantly impacted English society.

4. Impacts of the Norman Conquest

* **Language and Culture:** Norman French language and culture had a significant influence on English society, leading to changes in spoken language, literature, and architecture. * **The English Nobility:** Many English nobles were replaced by Norman nobles, leading to a shift in power and influence. * **The Church:** William maintained a close relationship with the Church, granting them significant power and influence.

5. Key Figures in the Norman Conquest

* **William the Conqueror:** The Duke of Normandy who became King of England after the Battle of Hastings. * **Harold Godwinson:** The English king who was defeated at Hastings. * **Edward the Confessor:** The previous King of England who died in 1066, leaving the throne in dispute. * **Bayeux Tapestry:** A famous piece of embroidery depicting the events leading up to and including the Battle of Hastings.

Conclusion

The Norman Conquest was a pivotal event in English history, with lasting consequences for English society, politics, language, and culture. Understanding this era is crucial for understanding the development of England and its impact on the world. **Remember to study these notes carefully and use them to help you understand the key events, figures, and impacts of the Norman Conquest. Good luck with your GCSE History exams!**