Berlin Conference 1884: Africa's Focus

The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 was a significant event in the history of colonialism as it marked the formal partitioning of Africa among European powers. Africa became the focus of this international conference for various reasons, including economic interests, power struggles, and colonial ambitions.

Firstly, the African continent was known to be rich in natural resources such as minerals, timber, and agricultural products that were highly sought after by European industrialists. With the Industrial Revolution in full swing, European powers saw Africa as a lucrative source for these resources to fuel their economies and industries. This economic motivation played a crucial role in driving the scramble for Africa.

Secondly, the competition for power and prestige among European countries was another reason for Africa becoming the focus of the Berlin Conference. Colonial expansion was seen as a way to demonstrate national strength and assert dominance on the global stage. Countries like Britain, France, and Germany were eager to stake their claims in Africa to expand their empires and increase their influence.

Thirdly, Otto von Bismarck, the Chancellor of Germany, who organized the Berlin Conference, was under pressure to secure Germany's own spheres of influence in Africa. Germany, as a relatively latecomer to colonialism compared to other European powers, sought to establish its presence in Africa to compete with its imperial rivals.

Moreover, the European powers were concerned about potential conflicts arising from their competing interests in Africa and wanted to avoid disrupting the delicate balance of power in Europe. The Berlin Conference was convened to set ground rules for the colonization of Africa and to establish a framework for the partitioning of the continent in a way that would minimize the risk of conflict among European powers.

In conclusion, Africa became the focus of the Berlin Conference in 1884 due to a combination of economic interests, power struggles, colonial ambitions, and the need for maintaining stability in Europe. The arbitrary division of Africa among European powers at the conference had far-reaching consequences for the continent, leading to decades of exploitation, oppression, and upheaval as a result of colonial rule.