Differences in Crime Theories: Structural-Functionalism vs. Conflict Theory
TITLE
How do theories of crime differ between structural-functionalism and conflict theory?
ESSAY
In sociology, theories of crime can be understood through the perspectives of structural-functionalism and conflict theory. These two perspectives offer different explanations for why crime occurs in society.
Structural-functionalism views society as a complex system made up of different parts working together to maintain stability and order. According to this theory, crime is seen as a dysfunction that arises when these parts do not work harmoniously. In other words, crime is a result of social disorganization or the breakdown of social norms and values. From a structural-functionalism perspective, the focus is on understanding how society can prevent crime by strengthening social institutions and reinforcing shared values.
On the other hand, conflict theory sees society as being divided by inequalities and power struggles between different groups. In this perspective, crime is seen as a product of social injustices and power imbalances. According to conflict theory, crime can be a form of resistance against oppressive social structures or a result of economic disparities. This theory emphasizes how crime can be a way for marginalized individuals or groups to challenge the dominant social order.
In summary, structural-functionalism explains crime as a breakdown of social coherence and a need to reinforce societal norms, while conflict theory interprets crime as a response to social inequalities and power dynamics. These two perspectives offer different lenses through which to understand the causes and consequences of crime in society.
SUBJECT
SOCIOLOGY
LEVEL
NOTES
1. 🏢 Structural-functionalism views crime as a necessary element for society to function, serving to define boundaries and reinforce norms.
2. 🔍 Conflict theory sees crime as a result of social inequalities and power struggles within society.
3. 📚 Structural-functionalism suggests that crime is a product of inadequate socialization and breakdown of societal institutions.
4. ⚖️ Conflict theory posits that crime is a means of challenging oppressive social structures and seeking justice.
5. 🌐 Structural-functionalism focuses on the role of social cohesion and consensus in preventing crime.
6. ⚔️ Conflict theory emphasizes the role of dissent and competition in shaping criminal behavior.
7. 🛠️ Structural-functionalism suggests that crime can be reduced by strengthening social bonds and promoting shared values.
8. 💔 Conflict theory argues that addressing crime requires addressing underlying social injustices and power differentials.
9. 🚓 Structural-functionalism highlights the importance of social control mechanisms in regulating criminal behavior.
10. 🕊 Conflict theory underscores the need for social change to address the root causes of crime and promote equity.