Influence of Secondary Socialization

# Introduction

Socialisation is the process through which individuals learn and internalise the norms, values, and behaviours of their society. It begins in early childhood and continues throughout a person's life. There is an ongoing debate within sociology about the relative influence of primary socialisation, which occurs within the family, and secondary socialisation, which occurs outside the family in institutions such as schools, media, religion, and workplace, on an individual's development and identity. This essay will examine the extent to which secondary socialisation is more influential than primary socialisation for an individual, considering various arguments supporting and opposing this idea.

# Arguments for Secondary Socialisation

## Influence of Media

The media plays a significant role in shaping individuals' beliefs, values, and behaviours. Research indicates that people spend increasing amounts of time consuming media, which can have a direct and long-lasting impact on their perceptions and attitudes.

## Power of Religion

Religion, in many societies, has a strong influence on dictating norms and values that individuals should uphold. Religious teachings can shape individuals' moral compass and guide their actions in various spheres of life.

## Preparation for the World

Secondary socialisation equips individuals, particularly young people, with skills and knowledge necessary for functioning in the world beyond the family. Schools, for example, teach academic knowledge and social skills essential for future success in the workplace.

## Adaptation to Changing Roles

In a complex and ever-changing society, individuals often need to adapt to new roles and situations. Re-socialisation processes, such as joining the military or changing careers, are examples of how secondary socialisation can influence individuals' behaviours and identities.

## Impact of Education

Education has a profound impact on individuals in various ways. Many people spend years in educational institutions, where they acquire knowledge, values, and social skills that shape their perspectives and behaviours.

## Peer Group Influence

Peer groups can exert significant pressure on individuals, shaping their behaviours, values, and attitudes. Conformity to peer group norms can influence how individuals interact and identify themselves within society.

## Workplace Norms

Workplaces have their own set of norms and values that employees are expected to adopt. In order to succeed and progress in their professional lives, individuals must conform to the behavioural expectations of the workplace.

## Influence of Law and Order

Law enforcement agencies have the authority to control individuals and influence their behaviours through legal mandates. Adherence to laws and regulations can shape individuals' conduct and interactions within society.

# Arguments against Secondary Socialisation

## Importance of Primary Socialisation

Primary socialisation, which occurs within the family, is where individuals first learn norms, values, and rules that shape their identities. The family plays a crucial role in instilling foundational beliefs and behaviours in children.

## Family as Identity Shaper

The family is a key institution in shaping individuals' identities, particularly their gender identities. Strong emotional bonds within the family contribute to the effective transmission of norms and values from one generation to the next.

## Role of Successful Primary Socialisation

Without successful primary socialisation, the institutions of secondary socialisation may not be as effective in shaping individuals' behaviours and attitudes. A strong foundation in primary socialisation is essential for navigating social environments outside the family.

## Blurring Boundaries

In modern industrial societies, children may receive elements of primary socialisation in settings outside the family, such as nurseries or playgroups. This blurring of boundaries between primary and secondary socialisation challenges the notion of distinct influences.

## Parsons' View

Talcott Parsons argues that primary socialisation within the family is an essential function, and its importance cannot be understated. The family serves as the initial and fundamental source of norms, values, and socialisation for individuals.

## Foundation of Humanity

Primary socialisation is the first form of socialisation through which individuals learn to be human. It shapes fundamental aspects of identity and lays the groundwork for future interactions and social integration.

# Conclusion

In conclusion, the debate between the influences of primary and secondary socialisation on individuals is multifaceted and complex. While secondary socialisation through various institutions and social contexts plays a crucial role in shaping individuals' identities and behaviours, the significance of primary socialisation within the family should not be underestimated. Both forms of socialisation interact and contribute to the holistic development of individuals within society. The extent to which secondary socialisation is more influential than primary socialisation may vary depending on individual experiences, societal contexts, and cultural norms. Ultimately, both primary and secondary socialisation have a lasting impact on individuals' social identities and behaviours.